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Elite seed - growing research "Tsvet" |
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1. Introduction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6. The results of research of amaranth oil by IIH and hyperlipoproteidemiaThe estimation of organoleptical properties and bearableness of amaranth oil. More extensive degustation of amaranth oil was led according to the standard procedure. Estimation of its organoleptical properties and bearableness was carried out by polling method.
The number of interrogated persons is given in percentage Organoleptical properties were estimated by 5 parameters on five-point system. The bearableness of oil was also studied. Received results are submitted in tables 2 and 3. According to table 2, the most part of patients (more than 80 %) highly estimated (put the highest point) the quality of oil. Its good organoleptical properties were also marked. Pleasant outward look, homogeneous consistence, absence of foreign substances was ascertained. Gustatory properties of oil corresponded to necessary standards. The absolute majority of patients noticed its pleasant taste. No one of degustation participants noted any unpleasant "post-taste".
In the table the number of patients is given in percentage According to table 3, bearableness of amaranth oil was good. There was no case of intolerance, dyspepsic phenomena, allergic reactions or other side effects during the whole period of clinical tests. When clinical tests came to the end all patients, who participated in them, wanted to continue reception of approved amaranth oil in domestic conditions. The estimation of dynamics of clinical parameters by dietotherapy with application of amaranth oil. Positive dynamics of clinical picture of disease of all patients was marked under the influence of dietotherapy: frequency and expressiveness of cardialgia decreased, tolerance towards physical loads increased, weakness, palpitation, dyspnea decreased, positive dynamics of ECG parameters was noticed. Positive dynamics of ECG was observed by 40-55 % patients and was presented by normalization of rhythm (disappearance of sinus tachy-and bradycardias, single ventricular and overventricular extrasystoles), reduction of expressiveness of symptoms of coronary insufficiency (which was based on the change of interval S-T and barb Т). According to table 4, the level of systolic AP authentically decreased during treatment (within 3 weeks) by patients of the 1-st, 2-nd, 3-rd and 4-th basic groups on 17 %, 18 %, 19 %, 21 %; and of groups of comparison - on 18,0 %; diastolic - on 12 %, 14 %, 15 %, 19 % and on 17,0 %. FHS during treatment tended to decrease by patients of all groups. The hypotensive effect was marked even by patients without expressed starting hypertensin that is explained by lowered mantenance of sodium in the diet.
The degree of decrease of exuberant body mass during treatment of patients of basic groups and group of comparison was practically identical and made 5,1-6,5 %. The reduction of body mass is connected with the influence of hyposodic, hypocaloric ration. The estimation of dynamics of biochemical parameters by dietotherapy with application of amaranth oil. According to table 5, inclusion of amaranth oil into the diet Ar promoted statistically authentic decrease of general cholesterol level in blood serum of patients of the 1-st, 2-nd, 3-rd and 4-th basic groups and the group of comparison on 19 %, 14 %, 17 %, 20 % and 12,0 %, accordingly; and also of triglycerides and CS LPVLD - on 7,6 %, 13 %, 21 %, 36 % and 16 %, CS LPLD - on 23 %, 19 %, 23 %, 25 % and 12 %, size of coefficient of atherogenicity - on 5 %, 18 %, 23 %, 32 % and 8 %.
The maintenance in blood serum of CS LPHD by patients of 4 basic groups tended to increase, of the 2-nd, 3-rd, 4-th basic groups - remained almost without changes, of the group of comparison and of the 1-st basic group - decreased, accordingly, on 9 % and 14,5 %. Thus, the most expressed hypocholesterol and hypotriglyceride influence was marked by patients of the 4-th basic group, who received the diet contained 600 mg of squalene per day. Level of other investigated biochemical parameters changed in the same way by patients of basic groups and of the group of comparison. The estimation of dynamics of fat-and-acid structure of cellular membranes of patients with IIH by dietotherapy with application of amaranth oil is represented in table 6.
Notations: 1 - before treatment; 2 - after treatment Table 6 contains information about dynamics of fat-and-acid structure of erythrocytes on the background of used rations. As a result of treatment by basic diet with inclusion of amaranth oil the dose-dependent effect was noticed as to the maintenance of oleinic acid (18:1), which was as much as possible enlarged (on 16 %) by using dose of squalene - 600 mg / day. Concentration of linoleic acid (18:2) increased in the group of comparison, in the 1-st and 2-nd basic groups on 17, 12 and 15 % accordingly, and decreased in other groups. The maintenance of b-linolenic acid (18:3) decreased during dietotherapy by patients of all groups, except 1-st basic, where it increased on 40 %. In this group was also observed increasing of concentrations of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of family omega 3-docosopentaenoic (22:5) and docosohexaenic (22:6) on 106 % and 67 % accordingly. These changes can be explained by more essential maintenance of a-linolenic acid (18:3) in the diet of patients of the 1-st basic group, which, as it is known, is the precursor in biological synthesis for eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenic acids. Dose-dependent effect was also revealed as to the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of family omega 3-docosapentaenoic (22:5) and docosahexaenic (22:6) acids in groups that received pure amaranth oil. The concentration of these acids in erythrocytes' membranes decreased by patients with IIH and HLP, who received diet with the maintenance of squalene 200 mg / day, by patients of the 3-rd basic groups it increased on 9 % and 18 %, and of the 4-th basic group - on 9 % and 25 %. Observable clinical effects are probably connected not only with the change of fat-and-acid structure of diet, but also with the maintenance of squalene in it. Total increase of PUFA in membranes was marked only by patients of the 1-st and 4-th basic groups. Simultaneously the maximal decrease of the part of SFA in erythrocytes' membranes was observed by the same patients during dietotherapy. Thus, received results testify that application of amaranth oil on the background of antiatherogenous diet by patients with IIH and HLP renders more significant hypolipidemic effect. Degree of expressiveness of this effect is proportional to the dose of squalene. Inclusion of amaranth oil, which contains 600 mg of squalene, into the diet promotes rising of concentration of PUFA, and of long-chain acids of family omega 3 (docosepentaenoic and docosohexaenic) in particular. It also promotes the decrease of SFA in erythrocytes' membranes by patients with HLP and IIH. Due to the treatment by basic diet with inclusion of amaranth oil dose-dependent effect was noticed as to the of oleinic acid, maintenance of which was as much as possible enlarged (on 16 %) by application of dose of squalene 600 mg / day. The concentration of linolic (18:2) and linolenic acids (18:3) decreased in the process of deitotherapy by patients of all groups. At the same time the dose-dependent effect was also observed concerning long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of family omega 3-docosapentaenoic (22:5) and docosahexaenic. Concentration of these acids in erythrocytes' membranes decreased by patients with IIH and HLP, who received diet with the maintenance of squalene 200 mg / day; it increased on 9 % and 18 % by patients of the 2-nd basic groups, and on 9 % and 25 % - of the 3-rd basic group. Total increase of PUFA in membranes was marked only by patients of the 8 basic group. Simultaneously maximal decrease of the part of НЖК in erythrocytes' membranes was observed by the same patients during dietotherapy. Thus, changes in fat-and-acid structure of erythrocytes' membranes under the influence of various doses of amaranth oil were expressed insignificantly and marked only by application of 18 ml of oil per day. Observable clinical effects were probably connected not only with the change of fat-and-oil structure of the diet, but also with the maintenance of squalene in it. The estimation of antioxidant influence of amaranth oil by patients with IIH
Accordingly to table 7 enrichments of meal ration with amaranth oil had essential positive influence on the state of system of peroxide oxidation of lipids - antioxidant protection (POL-АОP), which is seen in decrease of products of peroxide oxidation of lipids (diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde of plasma) and in accumulation of ferments of antioxidant protection (glutathionereductase, glutathioneperoxidase, superoxide-dismutase, catalase). In particular, as a result of the lead course of dietotherapy the decrease of diene conjugates of plasma (DC) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) by patients of basic groups on 17-29 % and 21-46 % accordingly was observed. By patients of the group of comparison the decrease of these parameters made 9 % and 12 %. The essential increase of ferments of antioxidant protection was also marked proportionally to the concentration of squalene in the diet. At the same time the greatest dynamics was fixed in the change of levels of glutathionereductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) by patients of basic groups on 12 %, 47 %, 42 %, 21 % and 11 %, 26 %, 8 %, 37 %, and by patients of the group of comparison on 10 % and 23 %, accordingly. The estimation of immunomodulating factor of amaranth oil by patients with IIH. The results of research of parameters of humoral immunity are given in table 8.
According to the immunogram, levels of content of IgM and IgG in blood serum of patients, both before treatment and after the course of dietotherapy, were in limits of normal quantity (0,5-2,0 g/l for IgM; 5,3-16,5 g/l - for IgG). It is known that IL-1 is the citocain with the wide spectrum of action, produced mainly by macrophages. It causes starting reactions of immunity, takes the main part in the development of inflammations, participates in regulation homogenesis, it is a mediator in interactions between immune and nervous systems. IL-1 B plays one of the central roles in inflammatory reaction, in reply to the bacterial infection and histic damages. Rising of level IL-1 B is observed by various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including cardiovascular pathology. Statistically authentic decrease of its content in blood serum by patients, who received amaranth oil with 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg of squalene accordingly (on 39 %, 42 %, 28 % and 45 %), testifies the improvement of clinical state of patients as the result of treatment. At the same time decrease of this parameter made 14 % by patients, who received standard diet. Level of loose fraction of IL - 4 in blood serum of patients, who received amaranth oil, exceeded starting level on 26 %. After the course of treatment rising of the maintenance of this citocain in blood serum was marked by patients, who received amaranth oil with 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg of squalene, on 24 %, 19 %, 57 % and 29 % (р <0,05) accordingly. By patients, who received standard diet, rising of this parameter made 14 %. The main targets for IL - 4 are bursacytes, for which it is the strongest growth factor. In other words, in result of lead course of treatment the improvement of the state of system of humoral immunity is observed by patients. As it is proved, amaranth oil has high biological potency. First of al it is the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids up to 77 %, 50 % of which is linoleic acid. Moreover amaranth oil differs by high maintenance of such biologically active bonds, as: squalene (up to 8 %), tocopherols (up to 2 %), phosphotides (up to 10 %), phytosterols (up to 2 %). Good sterilizing power and also high reclaiming and antitumoral properties of amaranth oil are determined. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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